Why ESG Matters Across the Investment Ecosystem

Family offices, especially locally based or regional ones from emerging markets, often manage wealth that is deeply tied to personal and regional legacies. For these investors, ESG is not merely a compliance checkbox but a way to align their investments to their reputation and values. A leading family office from Singapore – the Tsao Family Office – states that their raison d’etre is ‘Investing to Make Things Better’.  They believe that there is never a state of affairs that cannot be improved and, therefore, they strive to create a better social, environmental and financial outcome with their capital. In contexts like India, historically, leading business-owners have focused their philanthropic initiatives on improving the lives of the communities that serve, live around or are impacted by their businesses. However, this is gradually shifting towards a more impact investing approach. A 2025 E&Y report found Indian family offices are moving beyond conventional philanthropy and increasingly directing parts of their investable capital toward initiatives that deliver both financial returns and positive social impact. Businesses in industries such as carpets or textiles have made impact investments to support local artisans and women-led ventures. Going beyond their immediate ecosystem, Rainmatter, the family office of Zerodha’s founders (a leading fin-tech platform), back companies in fintech, climate, health etc and clearly say that they are “patient long-term investors and aren't in it for quick exits”. The EY report also notes that there is a noticeable generational shift in philanthropic interests. Younger members of ultra-high-net-worth Indian families are broadening their focus to include pressing issues like climate change, gender equality, and social injustice, alongside traditional causes such as education and healthcare.

Institutional investors, including pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, and endowments, must balance growth opportunities with the regulatory and systemic risks unique to emerging markets — such as climate vulnerability, governance gaps, and regulatory uncertainty. ESG integration helps institutional investors not only mitigate these risks but also align with the rising global standards demanded by co-investors (especially the multilateral and bi-lateral development finance institutions (DFIs) and regulators.

Several leading institutional investors globally have made clear commitments to integrating ESG considerations into their investment strategies. Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global is a widely recognized ESG leader, actively excluding companies that violate ethical or environmental standards. Pension funds like Philips Pensioenfonds have taken steps to align their emerging market investments with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Major insurance and pension providers such as Aviva, Zurich, Swiss Re, and MAPFREhave committed to aligning their investment and underwriting portfolios with net-zero targets, often exiting high-carbon sectors like coal. Sovereign wealth funds like Singapore’s Temasek and GIC have established dedicated sustainability platforms and funds focused on climate and green infrastructure.

Among the Indian institutional investors as well, there is a growing trend towards adopting ESG principles in their investment strategies. ICICI Prudential Life Insurancewas the first Indian insurer to sign the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI) and has launched a dedicated ESG-focused fund. Similarly, Tata AIA offers a Sustainable Equity Fund through its ULIP products, targeting environmentally and socially responsible businesses. The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has also embedded ESG goals into its operations, claiming contributions to 14 of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Spanning the ESG integration spectrum, these actions reflect a broader shift among institutional investors toward ESG integration as both a risk management tool and as a value creation tool, including in response to rising stakeholder and regulatory expectations.

For impact funds and investors, who seek intentional and measurable ESG outcomes, ESG integration is part of their very DNA. Applying ESG frameworks helps them track and measure intended outcomes; it also strengthens the impact thesis and facilitates access to blended finance by aligning with the standards of DFIs, philanthropic capital, and other sources of catalytic capital.

Several well-known global impact investment funds have emerged as leaders in combining financial returns with measurable social and environmental impact. Acumen, a pioneer in the space, invests in early-stage enterprises tackling poverty in sectors like healthcare, agriculture, and clean energy across South Asia and Africa. As per its 2025 annual report, under its newly scaled Hardest‑to‑Reachinitiative, Acumen-backed energy companies reached 165,472 people in 2024, of whom 83% accessed electricity for the first time. LeapFrog, which focuses on financial inclusion and healthcare closed its $1bn+ Fund IV in 2024 which aims to serve 100 million emerging consumers and producers to “build better lives” and has already reached 24 million through five initial companies. Blue Orchard, a major impact investor in microfinance and climate reported that the BlueOrchard Microfinance Fund (BOMF) in 2024 reached 52 countries and supported over 900,000 MSMEs in that year alone, with strong gender and rural inclusion: ~77% of end‑borrowers were women, and 66% were from rural areas. ResponsAbility, channels capital into inclusive finance, renewable energy, and sustainable agriculture in developing countries. In 2024, they report having enabled access to financial services for ~50 million people in emerging markets and achieved >1 megatonne CO₂ emissions saved in the preceding year.These funds not only deliver capital to sectors where it is most needed but also prioritize rigorous impact measurement, aligning with global ESG and SDG goals.

In India, the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) states clearly that it seeks to enable responsible growth through sustainable investments. It released its first consolidated ESG and Impact Report 2024, capturing the outcomes of direct investments and indirect investments through NIIF’s portfolio funds. Among other metrics, it reports that 25 M+ tCO2e GHG emissions were avoided, ~1.3 million+ tonnes of solid waste processed, ~340,000 individuals provided with affordable housing due to NIIF investments in FY2024.